̾ ع
/мöп 22
1
κ 츮 ܱ Դ ϴ ؼ Ѵ.
ȭ ϴİ ݹϰ ִ ⳪ Ⱑ ̰ ִİ Ű Ѵ.
Ҹ ִ ִ Ű ¼ 翬ϴ ִ.
Ͽ ܱ ܿ£ Ǹ Դ Ϳ ݴѴٰ 巯 ִ 縦 ϸ Ÿ
ϱ ϴ±! ƹ ? ᱹ ƴϾ?
ǰϿ ϰ ̿ 츮 öϰ ΰ ߽ ִ.
ٽ ⸦ ƿ ڼ Ұ 䱸 ̴.
̿ 䱸 õ ű ϰ ع (Animal Liberation Movement)̶ θ.
ع ״ 츮 忡 عŰ ǹ ʴ´.
عǾ İ ϴ ع ̴.
عڵ ϴ ع ܼ κ ع ´ ƴϴ.
ϴ ع̶ ϻε ȯŴν и ϰ 鿡Ե ϴ 츦 ִ ´´.
ع ǥϴ öڴ ̾(Peter Singer)̴.
װ ڽ { ع(Animal Liberation)} ϰ ֵ å ֿ ϶ ǰ ϱ å ƴϴ.
Ư ״ Ʈ ȿ ī ε麸 Ǹ Ļ縦 ϸ ư ֿ 鿡 ؼ ״ ʴ´.
̾ ָ ϰ ư ڶ㿡 Ÿ , 忡 ΰ ̰ Ű ָ ӿ ٰ ϴ ° , 츮 Ǿ ٸ ٰ ӿ ̴.
ѽ ڸ ̶ ؼ ߵ鿡 ̳ ϴ ƴϸ, ߵ鿡 ƾ ٸ .
ȥ̶ ؼ, Ǵ ̶ ؼ ϰ, ̶ ؼ ƾ Ѵٰ , ״ ̴.
ʰ ϰ ؾ Ѵٰ Ѵٸ ϴ .
ƾ Ѵٴ ܼ ϰ ϰ ϴ ΰ ݿ Ϳ Ұϴ.
Ѹ ̴ ΰ ߽ ̴. , ̴ и ϰ ִ ߷̶ .
ü ΰ ƴ Ǿ ϰ ݴϴ 忡 ͵ ݴϴ ȣ ° ع ǥڶ ִ ̾(Peter Singer) 忡 ϰڴ.
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2
̾ ϴ° ؼ 켱 ΰ Ѱ κ ϴ ̴.
ΰ Ѱ? 鰣 ϰ ִٸ 츮 ̻ ΰ ̳ ̴.
и 鰣 ̰ ϱ ̴.
ٸ 츮 ΰ ȭ ?
츮 ̿ ϶, ΰ ϶ ʹ ϰ ư , װ 翬ϴٰ ϸ ư.
ü ̿, ΰ ̸, Ǿ ϴ°? ΰ̱ ؾ ϴ ΰ?
ϴ ִٸ Դ غ ִ
巡 ΰ ũ ٸ ո ɷ ܰ Ǿٰ .
ܰ ƴѰ?
Ƹ ̿ κ ܰ ´ٰ 亯 ϰ ̴.
⼭ ٽ ѹ ƾ 츮 ܰε ϰ ϴ°̴.
츮 ո ɷ ΰ?
ٸ ո ɷ ؾ ϴ°? ܵǴ°?
ܵ ƾ Ѵٸ ո ո ؾ ϴ°?
ؼ ڵ 亯 ϰ ִµ 츮 Ǹ ִٰ ϴ Ǹڵ ɷ(sentience) ؾ Ѵٰ ϴ ڵ ̴.
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3
1)Ǹ
Ǹ ؼ ũ 4 ִ.
ù° ΰ ΰ ƴ ο ⺻ Ǹ ϴ ִ.
̿ ǥϴ δ Ƽ Ƶ鷯(Mortimer Adler) Ա۸(Mary Midgley) ִ.
Ƶ鷯 ΰ ƴ 鿡Դ ߿伺 ΰ ʴ´.
ΰ ٸ ٺ ٸ ʴٸ, ΰ ߿伺 .
°, ΰ Ϻ ⺻ Ǹ ִٰ ϴ ó(Albert Schweitzer) ִ. ״ ִ 翡 ⺻ Ǹ ִٰ Ѵ.
ó 츮 ۿ ó ̰ ̴.
ֳϸ Ĺ ΰ Ǹ ´ٸ Ĺ Դ ͵ Ǹ ħ̱ Ǿ DZ ̴.
°, ΰԸ Ǹ ϴ ִ.
忡 ϸ ΰ ٸ и ɷ ߾.
츮 ٸ Ǹ ִ.
ΰ ɷ ߾ٸ ü ɷ ΰ Ǹ ȭŰ ϱ?
̴ ũ 6 캼 ִµ Ȱ ִٴ ߰ ̴.
(1) ΰ Ѵ.
̴ ְ ΰ ϴ ƴϴ. ø ̿Ͽ ̸ Ƹ, ħ þ .
̷ ٸ ϴ ΰ ΰ ϴ ٺ ̰ .
⼭ Ȥڴ ƴϳİ ϸ ǻͳ ʴİ ִ.
̿ ΰ ȮϷ Ѵٸ 츮 Ǵٽ Ȱ ϴ ΰ ̳İ ƾ ̴.
ѷ Ѵٸ ٺ ̸ ʷ ʴ´ٴ ؾ߸ ̴.
(2) ΰ Ѵ.
ڸ ϴ .
ħ ο Ͽٴ , ΰ ƴϴ ȣ ǻ ִ ɷ ߰ ִٴ Ŀ Ѵ.
ִ ɷ , ȴٸ ǻ ִ.
̿ ؾ Ѵٰ ִٸ ΰ 켱 ƾ Ѵٴ ̴.
ʴٸ(Ƹ ε) ΰ 켱 ؾ Ѵٴ ٰŰ .
(3) ΰ ڷ ֵ ִ.
츮 ΰ Ǵ ɷ ִٰ Ѵ.
̰ ƴϴ.
Ǵܿ ߿ ϴ ɷ ΰ ִ ƴϴ.
̿ ؼ ӽ (James Rachels) 뽺 п ʸ ϰ ִ.
迡 ̴ ָ ῡ ũ ϴ ο ĥ ص ָ Ͽٰ Ѵ.
̵ ̿ ٽ ൿ ̴.
̿ʹ 츮 ƴ ʿ䰡 ִ. Ʊ, ̵, ź, üε ڷ ϱⰡ ƴ.
̰ ̶ 츮 Ǹ Ѵٴ ۿ ̴.
(4) ΰ ɿ .
̿ ؼ ݹ ϴ. ΰ̶ ȿ ̰ Ѵ.
̿ Ǹ οǾ Ѵٰ Ѵٸ ̸ Ƶ̰ ϴ ̴.
Ǿ Ѵٸ Ǻλ̳ ũ ƾ ϴ ΰ?
ħ, ̵ Ϻ ΰ鿡 . ̵ Ϻ ΰ鿡 Ǹ ϱ?
(5) ΰԴ ̼ ɷ ִ.
̼ Ͽ ִ ̼ ɷ ϴµ Ҷ Ѵ.
ΰ ɷ ߾ ̿ ΰ ƴ ܵȴٰ Ѵ.
ΰԴ ٸ 鿡 ƹ ǹ .
츮 ϰ 鿡 ؼ ൿ ƴϴ.
Ǵ ൿ ִٸ װ ΰ ĥ ̴.
̿ ظ ǥϴ öڴ (Michael Allen Fox)̴.
ǽ, ɷ° ɷ, ݼ . ȹ . . . å Ƶ ɷ 縸 ȴ.
̷ Ư¡ ̼ ڰ ִ.
ü ܵ ϰ ٷ Ǵ ϱ?
Ͱ ð踦 Ϳ ƹ ̰ ϱ?
̼ ɷ° ؼ 츮 ߴ ݷе ϰ ִ.
Ϻ ΰ, θ ̼̱⸸ ƴϸ ̷ "̼"̶ Ѵ.
(6) ΰ̶ Ǹ ȴ.
츮 ΰ ΰ ƴ ̸ иϰ ִ ٴ ־.
ڸ ϰ ִ ̰ Ͻϰ 쿡 ڸ Ϸ ݵ Ϻ ΰ ܵǰų Ϻ Ե ۿ .
̿ п Ҹ Ϻ öڵ ΰ̶ Ǹ ϰ ִµ ̴ ΰ ߽ ̴.
̶ , Ǵ ̶ ΰ ߹ƾ Ѵٰ ϴ Ͱ ٸ .
°, ΰ Ϻ ġ ڰ ̰ ִٴ ִ.
̴ ϻε ϴ ̸ (inherentism) ̿ ǥѴ.
Ǵ ñ ġ 縦 ɷ¿ ã ʰ ü ִ ġ Ѵ.
ü ϴ ġ ĭƮ " ü" 信 ̴.
ĭƮڵ ΰ ü Կ ڵ ̼ ΰ 鵵 ´ٰ Ѵ.
̿ ǥϴ öڷδ (Tom Regan) ִ.
ǿ , ġ(inherent value) ̰ Ǿ Ѵ.
ٸ ƴ϶ ü ̴.
ü(subject-of-a-life) Ǵ 簡 ̰ ο´ٰ Ѵ.
ü ȴٴ ܼ ִٴ Ͱ ٸ ̸, ̷ 屸, , , Ϸ Ư¡ Եȴ.
̿ Ϻ ڱ ü ִ.
ŭ ڱ ü ǴĿ ġ 쿡 ٸ .(̴ ǿ ̴.)
ڸ .
ϴ ü " 1 ̻ " ̴.
̰ ȴٸ Ƹ ġ ۿ ̴.
ٽ ü (Ϻ ΰ ؼ) ̰ ġ ο .
ΰ ̼̱ ġ ִ ϰ ǥ Ϳ Ұϴٰ ̴.
2)
츮 쿡 Ǹڵ ״ 캸Ҵ.
ٸ ΰ ϴٴ ȣؾ ΰ?
ؾ ΰ ?
ΰ ȣ ٸ ΰ?
̿ ڵ ּ и ã ɷ(sentience)̶ Ͱ ۿ ٰ Ѵ.
ڼ ڸ 簡 ̸ ũ Ѵٴ ̴.
忡 ϴ ʴ.
Ǹ ̷а鿡 Ǵ ϰ ູ Ųٴ Ǹ ų ΰ Ǵ ΰ ƴ Ѿư 츶 ̴.
Ͽ ǵʹ ΰ ƴ ȣ Ȳ ʷ ִ.
ڴ ̷ ΰ ̾߱ ִ ̷̶ ϴµ ̿ ǥϴ ڷδ ̾(Peter Singer) (R. G. Frey) ִ.
̿ ΰ ƴ ִ ̸, ̿ 翬 Ǿ Ѵ.
״ ٸ 翡 dz(rich)ϴٴ 鿡 ġ ִ Ѵٰ Ѵ.
Ͽ ̴ ΰ ƴ ΰ ϰ ִٰ ϴ ̴.
̿ ״ ̵, ε, ȭ Ȳ Ѵ.
ٽ Ͽ ̳ Ϻ ΰ ν Ǵ ɰѴٸ ̳ ΰ ̿ ִٴ ̴.(̴ ǿ ̴.)
̷ ΰ Ǿ Ѵٴ Ͽ ڽ Ϸ ν ΰ ߽ Ѱ踦 ϰ ִ.
ΰ dz(rich) 츦 ȭ ִ ٰŰ ִ°? dz Ȯ ǹϴ ٰ ΰ?
̿ʹ ڰ ̴ ϰ ʴ.
Ͽ ؿ ϰ Ǿ Ѵ.
ħ ó ɰϰ ΰ ó ϴٰ ִ ϳۿ ٸ ڴ ħ ó 켱 ġ ־ Ѵ.
ΰ dzϱ ΰ Ѵٰ .
̷ ؿ ̴ ϰǰ ϰ ʴ.
̾ ̿ Ѱ踦 غϰ ϰǰ ϰ ִµ ̾ 캸 Ѵ.
3)
̾ ̳ ո Ǵ ſ ̶ ϸ ̴ Ǻ ٸ ٰ Ѵ.
켱 ؾ Ѵٰ ״ ̴.
ո . ո ϰ ִ Ͽ ް ƴ϶ ո Ǹ Żؾ Ѵٴ ְ Ƶ̴ Ƹ ̴.
̳ ո Ѵٸ ɰ ڵ ܵ ̴.
̴ κ Ƶ ̴. ٸ 츮 ƾ ϴ ϱ?
̾ ϴ ո ̶ Ѵ.
ϴ.
츮 üγ ִ.
̾ ϰ ϴ ̾߸ 츮 մϰ ϴ ̶ Ѵ.
ٸ " (The principle of equal consideration of interests)" ΰ? ̸ .
(1) (interest)
̾ ̶ " 屸ϴ "̴.
ڷμ ̾ ɷ ϴ ´ٰ Ѵ.
ٽ ̳ ſ ִ ɷ ִ ̶ ̴.
̷ Դ ƹ . ̴. ݸ ΰ 翬 ´.
Դ ִ ɷ и ֱ ̴.
ٸ ΰ ƴ Ѱ? ̳ ſ ϴ°?
鿡 ɷ ִٸ ̴.
ִٴ ʹ ̱ ̾ ´ٰ Ѵ.
(2)
̾ 츮 ̱ ؼ 忡 ϰ ؾ Ѵٰ Ѵ.
⼭ ̶ 츮 ڽ ȣ(), ȣ() Ѿ ǴѴٴ ǹѴ.
Ǵ 忡 Ǵ̶ ̶ ٸ ͺ ߿ϴٰ ̴.
ɷ, ؼ ̸, ҼӵǾ ִĿ ؼ ̴.
̾ ϴ ̶ , ɷ, ϸ ϰ ȹ 츦 Ѵٴ ƴϴ.
װ ϴ ϰ ľѴٴ ̴.
A ģϴٰ ϴ B ް B 켱 ؾ Ѵ.
A ɷ ִ ̶ ɷ B ް ִ Ȳ̶ B ؾ Ѵ.
ؼ A B ִٸ ģа, ̳ ɷ° ϰ ϰ ؾ Ѵٴ ̴.
⼭ ؾ 忡 ǹѴٴ ̴.
̿ װ 忡 Ŀٶ ̰ ̴.
Դ ٸ ʾƵ ̿Դ ſ ū ߱ ִ.
̿ ΰԸ Ǵ°?
տ 캸 ִ ̴.
̿ 翬 鵵 ȴ.
̾ ΰ鳢 Ե ؾ Ѵٰ Ѵ.
̱ ̴.
ٽ 簡 ° ϴٸ Ǿ߸ Ѵٴ ̴.
ູ . ̶ູ ְ ̴.
뿡 ΰ ο ´ٰ ؼ ڸ ϰ ؾ Ѵٰ ϴ ߸̴.
Ѵٰ ؼ ΰ ־ Ͱ ̳ Ļ縦 Ѵٴ Ҽ̴.
ְ پ ִ ϸ ̴.
ݸ, ΰ Ͱ ູ ܼ ־ δ ũ ̴.
ΰ ξ Ǿ߸ Ļ ־ ູ ̴.
̾ ̿ Ͽ ϰ ִ.
츮 ο ξ ̶ ⺻ ܿ ٸ ȮѾ Ѵٰ ؼ, װ ϰ ؾ Ѵٴ ϴ ƴ϶ ̸, Ǹ Ѵٴ ʴ´ٴ ̴.
ؾ ϴ δ ִ (nature) ̴.
̶ ⺻ , Ǵ ó(treatment) 䱸 ʴ´.
ϰ ϱ 䱸 ̴.
ٸ ϰ Ѵٴ ٸ óϸ, ٸ Ǹ ´ٴ ǹ ̴.
̾ "ڱⰡ ҼӵǾ ִ ȣϰ, ٸ ôϴ Ǵ ְ µ" "(speciesism)" θ.
Ǵ ΰ µ 巯.
ħ ΰ 鿡 ٰ Ѵ.
ݸ ħ ̺ ξ ū ̰ ִ.
츮 ħ 츦 ̶ θ.
, 츮 ϰ ģ "°" ̶ ĪѴ.
˰ ΰ ƴ ̻ "ε"̴.
ϴ ڽŵ ؼ δ.
ݸ ΰ ܼ , ̰ Ű , ѷ Ƹ ̱ ؼ δ.
ΰ Ž̳ Ǽ ϱ Ѵ.
ϴ ʰ ϴٰ ᱹ Ȥ Ͽ ̱ Ѵ.
ΰ ƴ ּ ǽ âϷ ʴ´.
̷ ٸ ΰ ִٰ ִ ̴.
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4
̷ Ƶ鿩 ڰ ̶ ڵ ܰ ִ° ǹ ̴.
ؼ ̾ 3 ϰ ̿ ؼ Ʋ ִ ִ.
1)
иϰ ٰ ִ ſ شѴ.
īƮ(Ren Descartes) ڵ ٰ ־ ٰ ϴ Ƹ ̴.
켱 ΰ ؼ 츮 ľ ִ. Ÿ .
츮 ΰ Ÿ ̴.
ö ݼ , ̿ Ȳ ո̴.
ΰ Ÿ ΰ ƴ и Ÿ.
ưٵ簡 ȸ ϱ ̵ ߵ ԼҸ Ҹ ΰ Ÿ ̴.
2)Űü 缺
ΰ ΰ ƴ Űü踦 ִ.
Ͽ ΰ ƴ ΰ Ű Ų.
¿ ö, âϸ, 긮, ƹ ڴ.
ó ΰ Ű Űü谡 ְδ 鿡 Ѵٰ ϴ и ո ϴ.
3) ȭ 뼺
Űü 츮 ȭ , ִ ɷ и ȭ ־ ̴.
ɷ ġ ظ ־ ݱ Ƴ ־.
̿ Ű Ϻ ٴ и Ű ؼ Ȯȴٰ Ѵ.
и Ű Ǵ ƴϴ.
̳ ǥϴ ǥ ǥ Ȯ Ű ִ.
Ȥ ϴµ 츮 ּ Ŷ ̴.
̿ܿ ǥ ϴ ϴ Ʊ ȭ ϴ ϴ ִµ 츮 Ѵٰ ʴ´.
ٴ и.
⼭ Ǵ Ǵٸ Ұϴٴ ̴.
̿ ̷ ִ ̶ ִµ, , Ǵ ۿ ڰ (utility) ִ .
Ϻ öڵ ǹ ϰ ִ.
̿ ̾ Ȯ ƴ϶ 亯 Ѵ.
Ư Ȳ Ͱ ΰ ϴ 찡 Ʋ ̴.
ϰ , Ͽ ֱⰡ 쵵 ̴.
ʴ.
Ʊ ؾ ϴ ش Ȳ ʴ´.
κ 쿡 ϰ, ū ʰ ִ.
, ſ ϱ Ǵ , ΰ ٴ Ű ̷ , 屸 Ű и ް Ǵ ̸, ̴ ΰ Ǵ ξ ɰѴ.
, ΰ Ұϴٰ ǴܵǴ ij ȭǰ ̳ ΰ ġ 翬 ŵǾ Ѵ.
δ, ΰ ΰ ƴ ġ 쿡 ΰ 캸 .
ϰ ص 亯 ϱ 찡 Ʋ ̴.
鿡 ɾ Ҵµ ̸ 㰡 ٱ Ż() ٸ ΰ?
âϴµ 㸦 Ͽ ־ ΰ?
̿ Ȳ ٰ 亯 ؾ Ѵٴ ¾ 츮 ߳ ϴ.
㸦 ų ؾ 츮 ǹ ó DZ Ѵ.
⼭ 츮 ٲپ ʿ䰡 ִ.
Ϸ ǵ 忡 ħϴ ƴϴ.
忡 縦 ij´ٴ ΰ Ѵ.
Ÿ ְ װ 忡 ͻ̴.
쵵 .
ΰ ڽŵ 밡 ַ ۶߸ ƴϴ.
ȯ ӿ ϴ ƴϰ ű ִ ̴.
츮 ϰ ϴ 忡 , ̵ г ´ٴ ΰ ߽ µ ִ.
ΰ ߽ µ ´ٴ .
̿ 쿡 ٷ ɰ ΰ ֱ ̴.
ΰ ذ DZ ڴ ذ ùٸ å̶ .
츮 ϰ 鿡 ְ Ǵ ظ ּȭϰ 츮 ʴ ΰ ƾ Ѵ.
ؾ شٰų ν ִ ܿ 3 ?
̾ ּȭϸ鼭 ڿ ΰ ظ ʴ ִٰ Ѵ.
, ν ϰ ϴ Ѱ ذå ִ.
̿ ɷ ð 鼭 ̸ 캸ٵ, ؾ ӿ ŵΰ Ǵ 캸ٵ ξ ε ̶ ̴.
Ȥ 츮 ӿ ұ ٸ , ʴ´ٴ DZ Ѵ.
¾ ٰ Ȳ ӿ ƿԱ 츮 ڽ ̶ Ѵٴ ̴.
̴ ƴϴ.
¾ ȯ濡 Ҵ° ϰ ϰ ;ϸ, ڽŵ ٶ, ϰ ;Ѵ.
۵ Ų(Marian Dawkins) ڻ Ͽµ ߵ Ǯ Ѱ ñ ־ ߴ.
ư κ ̰ ִ 庸ٵ ̰ ȣϿٰ Ѵ.
̿ ߵ ȿ ٴ ִ ̴.
ڽŵ Ű ϴ ȯ濡 Ȱ и .
ִ ̳Ĵ ̴.
ĶƮ ̶ Ѵ.
, ⺻ ̴.
װ Űü迡 Ʈ, , ˷־ װͿ ϰ ϰԲ ִ ִ.
, ٸ ϰ Ѵٸ ġḦ ʴٰ ̸ ̴.
״ Ѵ.
ü ǵ ƴϴ. װ ڿ ġ ̴.
ڿ ̶ 뵵 ̴.
̰ źѴٸ, װ 踦 źϰ ü ϴ ̴.
ġ ϶ ϴ ͵ Ʋ ƴ ̴.
⼭ 츮 ʿϰ, ߱Ǵ 뿡 ƾ Ѵ.
, ΰ ƹ ϴ 츦 .
ϴ Ʋ ̴.
⼭ ٴ ܼ θ ؾ ϴ°?
Ͽ ڿ ġ̴ Ƶ鿩 Ѵٰ ؾ ϴ°?
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5
տ Ǵ ַ ʷ ʰ .
̹ ߵ ̴.
簡 ΰ̳ ƴϳĴ ڰ ߰ ִ ո, .
ٸ Ѱ? ΰ ΰ ƴ ΰ?
Ͽ ΰ ϰ ؾ ϴ°?
̾ Ѵ.
״ 츦 Ѵ.
, 츮 ε ϰų, Ǵ ִ ϴ ߿ ϳ ؾ Ѵٸ, Ƹ ϰ ̴.
, ΰ ִ ϳ ϶ 䱸 ް ȴٸ - ΰ ó .
߿ Ը ִ ۿ Ȳ - 츮 ؾ и ʴ.
ٸ ִ.
̾ ġ 簡 ִ ٸ Ư¡ ´.
ɷ ִ Ѿư װ ȹ̳ ۵θ° Ѵ ȴ.
ݸ, ̷ ȹϰų 巡 ɷ ּ ǽ ִ ս ʷ ʴ´.
ΰ ΰ ƴ ϳ ؾ ϴ Ȳ̶ ΰ ؾ ϴ ̴.
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6
Ŀ 鿡 ִ ٽ ̾.
Ŀ ϰ ȴٸ 츮 Ұϰ äڰ ۿ .
⼭ 츮 ̴.
1)Ĺ ʴ°? ٸ 츮 ?
ױ ΰ Ծ ̰, Ұϴٸ ̵ Դ ȭ ?
2)ä ν ǰ ƴѰ?
° ΰ DZ ä ϶ ǰ 鸱 ִ.
ä ؾ Ѵٴ ƴ϶ ä ΰ ǰ ̶ μ ġ ε ִ ̴.
̾ ä ΰ ٴ ״ ʴ´.
ο 쿡 ű ִٴ ǽϰ ִ ̾ "ǰ " ϸ鼭 äǷ ȯ ϰ ִ.
켱 Ĺ .
1)Ĺ ʴ°?
̾Դ ִ 縸 ȴ.
̿ ̰, , 糪 Ե ̸ ԽŲ.
̳ ۰ ɷ ִ ָ ͵ ִµ ̾ {ع} ǿ Ծ ϴٰ Ͽ ֱǿ װ͵ ɷ ɼ ϱ ƿ äĸ ڰ ϰ ִ.
տ Ͽ ̾Դ ̳ ִ ɷ ƴϴ.
Ű ϶ ؼ ƹ͵ ٰ ̴.
Ĺ ѹ ʿ䰡 ִ. ּ Ĺ ִ ̸ ִ ɼ ֱ ̴.
Ĺ ٸ ̾ ڿԴ Ĺ Դ ͵ ϴ ȴ.
Ͽ ĩ Ĺ Ծ ȵǸ ᱹ ״ ۿ ٴ ش ִ.
̿ ȴٸ κ ̷ ̶ ϰ ̴.
Ͽ ᱹ ̷ źϰ ƾ Ѵٴ ٰŸ ۵θ° ϰ ̴.
ེԵ, ݱ 赵 Ĺ ٴ ߴ.
Ȥ Ĺ ִٴ DZ Ͽ .
̾ ִ° , ٽ 1)ΰ Ŀ 缺 2)Űü 缺 3) ȭ 뼺̶ Ĺ ִ° .
, ̿ Ĺ ִٴ .
츮 뵵 ʴ Ĺ Ծ ̴.
ٸ Ĺ ٴ Ű ̷ Ȯ 쿡 ΰ?
츮 ϴ°? ִٴ ٰ ص Ƹ Ĺ ΰ ƴ ؼ ξ ̹ϰ ̴.
츮 ش ʿ .
Ұϴٸ 츮 ϸ ؾ ̸ 츮 ٴ Ĺ ؾ ̴.
Ĺٴ װ ν ̱ ̴.
2)ä ν ǰ ƴѰ?
տ ̿ ع ȣϴ ٽ ƴϴ.
̾ ̿ ؼ ϴ ä ǰ ٴ ν ߵ ä ϰ ϱ ̴.
ڼ ǰ ڷḦ ʴ Ĺ ԵǾ ִ Ҹ ϰ ִٴ , ä ٴ ̴.
35 64 ä 帶 ϴ Ϲ ̱ 28% Ұϴٴ ְ ִ.
ϰ , ϰ ⸦ Դ 迡 ִٴ ǥ ִ.
ä ϰ ν ƹ ͵ . ع ϴ Ƚϰ ä Ȱȭϸ Ǵ ̴.
äİ ƸԴµ 츮 ƸԾ ȵǴİ ǹ ϴ ̴.
ؼ ̾ ٰ ϰ Ѵ.
̾ ĵ ٸ Դ Ұ ̴.
켱 鿡Դ ݼ ɷ . ڽſ ־ ɿ Ƹ ̴.
ݼ ɷ ߾ٰ ϴ 鿡Դ ٸ .
Ư ä ä Ѵٸ ᱹ ۿ .
̾ ϰڴٰ ϴ ҽ .
״ ÿ ΰ ġ ߸ ϴٰ ⸦ ϱ ް ϴ Ѵ.
̾ ⸦ Դ ȭϱ ڿ ȣϴ , ȸϸ鼭 Դ ȭϷ 忡 ʴ Ѵ.
켱 ſ ȣҴ ó ͼ ̻ DZⰡ ƴ.
븦 ư ߿ ʴ ڵ , ȴٰ ϴ ɿ 缺 ȴ.
ڿ ȣϴ ڵ ϴ ڻ Ģ ΰ ƾ ϴ ƴϳİ ´.
̿ ؼ ִ ڿ ͵ ͵ Ѵٰ ص 츮 ȵǴ ڿ ִٴ ̴.
£ ΰ ڿ ̶ ִ.
ڿ 屸 ڿ ̶ ִ.
̿ δ ϴ ƴϴ.
ǰ ġ (G. E. Moore) ̸ ϴ ڿ ҷ.
ڿ ̸ ̸ ̶ ̴.
̷ ϰ 츮 Ͽ ڿ ƾ Ѵ.
, ʰ ȸϴ ذ ̶ .
츮 켱 ¸ Ȯϰ ľϰ ؾ ϸ ùٸ Ǵ ɷ 缺 ƾ ̴.
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7
عѾ Ѵٴ ϴ ڵ ߿ ƾ ϸ鼭 ΰ ñ ̱ ̷ ƾ Ѵٰ ϴ ڵ ִ.
鿡 ηԴ , , , , Ǿ, ȯ Ǿ ִ.
̿ ϿϿ콺(Richard Neuhaus) Ǹ ٴ Ƴ ΰ ʴİ ݹϸ鼭 Ǹ ȣϴ ڵ ΰ ΰ ƴ 鿡 ڵ̶ Ѵ.
̾ ̿ Ʋ ƴϴ.
츮 ӿ ̰ ִ ӿ ִ ΰ 켱 ƾ ̴.
´ٴ ƴϴ.
ٽ δٰ ؼ ΰ ƴ϶ ̴.
´ٴ ݵ ΰ ؾ ϴ ǹ ʴ´.
̾ ΰ װ ̴.
Ѵٸ 츮 Ļð ϸ ȴ.
̳ θ Ŵ ٸ ǰ ϱ⸸ ϸ ȴ.
̿ ٴ ذϴ ٰ ִ.
̾Դ ̿ ̾߸ ΰ ٸ ظ 鼭 عϴ Ǹ ̴.
, 츮 ΰ ִٰ ϴ ε äڰ Ǿ Ѵ.
۾ 1Ŀ ܹ ϱ Դ ܹ 21Ŀ̴.
츮 ǵ 5% ̸ Ұ ̴.
̿ ڿ ܹ ѵ ̾߱Ⱑ ƴϴ.
Įθ Ÿ ⷮ Ƶ и ڿ ̴.
, ٸ ̱ε 1 10% Һ ٿ ̸ 6,000 α ƿ ִ.
еDZ⸸ Ѵٸ 츮 ٿ ƿ Ľų ̴.
ν 츮 ǻ ȭŰ ִ.
ķ ȭŰ ƴϴ.
̴ , ȭ, ν ڿ ν Ȱ ȯ濡 ǿ ʷϱ Ѵ.
⼭ ʸ Ѵٸ ̱ ҺǴ ̻ ȴٰ Ѵ.
, ǰ ̱, ȣ, ϼ Ǿ 忡 ڿ ũ ǰ ִ.
̿ܿ, 츲 ɰϰ ıǰ ִµ, 긲 Ŀ ϱ ôǴ 찡 .
̷ 긲 ߷ 3 ư ʰ Ϲ 鿡 ⸦ ϱ ̷ٴ ̴.
̷ ı ı ȿ ſ ū ̿ ı ϰ Ǹ, ħ, 췮 , ½ ȿ ذ 츮 ǵƿ ȴ.
̻ ڸ ΰ εǴ ȯ ķ 츮 ν ذ ִ ̴.
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8
鿡 µ ǿ 뿡 Ѹ ΰ ִ.
̷ յȴ.
ΰ ϸ, ΰ ӿ Ұϴٰ Ѵ.
̷ Ͽ ̴.
ȸ ñ Ӱ ϴ 𠟵 ð ΰ ̶߽ Ʋ ߴ.
, ߽ ְ ΰ ִ ġ, ǰ DZ Ѵ.
ΰ ɼ ٸ ۿ .
Ͽ, ̾ 鿡 Ѱ踦 ۿ ٰ ϰ ִ.
ݶǸ ݴϴ κ Ҿ (Ѣ) ְ мǰ ΰ ٸ µ ٺ Ǿ ̶ ̴.
, κǴ ᱹ ΰ ߽ ()(humanism) ۿ .
̷ ε ൿ ϴ ε(humanitarianism)ʹ ƹ .
귯 ȭ ǥǾ.
ȭ ΰ ִ ְ Ѵ.
̿ Ҿ ΰ ΰ ƴ ̶ ʴ´ٰ Ѵ.
ȭп , ΰ 簡 ƴϸ, ΰ ΰ ٷ ̴.
̿ Ƿ ̷ ϰ ִ ٴ ״ ϰ ϴ.
ó , Ͽ ź ǰ ִ.
̿ ִ°?
̾ 츮 µ Ѹ ʹ .
Ѹ ȭ ִ ȸ . ȭ Ǿ ִ.
ο ΰ ΰ ƴ ״ ũ ʴٴ ٺ Ͼ ʰ ִ ̴.
, 츮 Ⱑ ΰ ؼ ٰ ⸦ Դ´.
⸦ Դ Ǿ Ը ̰ Ŀ ⸦ Դ ȴٴ ˰ Ǿ αⰡ ư ȴ.
, ϻε ̳ , ƾ Ѵٰ ʴ´.
ư ϴ 鸶 밳 ΰ ƴ ܵȴٰ Ѵ.
Ư, 츮 Դ õ ̸ ְǾ 츮 ˷.
츮 . ű ̸ 찡 ִ.
, ̵ κ ҳ ຸٴ ̳ ڰ ̴.
TV α ̾߱ ä. ̵ å ü Ѵ.
å κ ȭӰ Ǯ ų ε Ÿ ٴϴ ִ. ̴ ƴϴ.
Ź Ǹ 絵 ͵̳ ź ϰ ΰ 鿡 ãƺ .
̳ Ͽ(װ ǵ̵ ʰ ) öϰ 츮 ɿ ҿܵǰ ִ ̴.
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9
ƾ ϸ ư ִ. տ 캻 ٿ ̾ ƴ ϰ ִµ ۿ ٸ 츮 Ժη ؼ ȵ ̴.
, ̾ ڰ ƴ϶ , ٽ Ƶ Ѵٰ ص 鿡 ʴ 츮 ּ ǹ ִ.
ΰ ƴ Ұ 20 ϴ ߴ ǰ ִµ, ⼭ 츮 DZ 캸ƾ ڰ ƴ϶ ּ ̶ ϰ ִٴ ̴.
, ϴ (M. A. Fox) ΰ δϰ ϰ ִٴ ǿ ؼ ̾ ǰ ϰ ִ.
̿ (L. P. Pojman) ϰ ִ.
, ̻ ϰų ̴ ߸̶ ϰ ִ.
鿡 İ ƴϰ, , ŭ ̴.
鸱 츮 Ÿ Ѵٸ 츮 ־ ӹ νḸ 츮 ÿ Դ ΰ ƴ ̸ и 巯 ̴.
(̻)
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( ۴б ʷ Բ â۰ 2000 ȣ Դϴ.)
ݴڵ ̽½ ⸦ ģ ٺ 絹 ٷ(Rudolf Bahro) а.
ٷδ 1985 迡 µ( ) ȯ µ, ̷ Ÿ µ ΰ ߽̰ ٸ ΰ ϴٴ ȭ ̱ ̶ ̾.
ΰ б̶ ̿ؼ ڿ ϰ ϴ Ϳ ؿ, ؾ Ѵٴ .
ֿϵ ϴ ƿԴ ݴڵ鵵 ȿ 弱 ƴѰ ϴ ǽ , δ ع Ǻ ְ Ǿǰ ۿ ˾Ƴ ִ° ϴ ΰ߽ ̴.
ٷ ൿ ̾߸ ڿ ΰ µ, ݻ µ ϰ ִ ־ ̴.
ݴڵ鿡 źΰ ǵ Ƶ غ ߾ ε, ̹ ̸ ־.
ݴϴ ̷а õ ⼭ ϴ å ̾(Peter Singer)̴ ˾ƺ , װ ־ ȶ糪 ¾ ¸ ϰ ݸ鿡 οԴ αǿ ϴ Ǹ ڴ ̰ ٴѴٴ ɷȴ ̴.
̾ Ʈư ļ̰ θ ġ ܼҿ ش, Ͽ ״ ־ ȶ縦 ϴ ι̶ پ л ùε ط ǰ ƾ߸ ߴ.
3 ȶ縦 ־ Ŷ 縦 ε ó ϰ ϴ 翬ϴٰ ְڴµ, 쵵 ־Ƹ ó ϴ ̾ ذ Ȱ κ̾.
ֱٿ Ǹ ϴ å ѱ ó ǵǾ (װ 翬 ̾ å ε), ̿ ó Ǿ 켱 ˾ƴ ڶ ع ǥ < ع>(Animal Liberation) а Ǿ.
̾ ڷμ ΰ ϰ Ǿ ϴ Ѵ. װ ΰ Ȱ ɷ Ƿ 뵵 ΰ ּȭؾ Ѵٴ ̴.
״ ΰ 뽺 ɸ, , о dz Ѵ.
캸 ξ ϴµ, ̾ ̿ ؼ پ ڷḦ Ͽ ΰ ڽ Ȥϰ ٷ ִ ش.
ܰ ع ؼ 츮 ؾ ΰ ̴.
̾ ȿ ൿ äڰ Ѵ.
ä 꿡 Ҹſ̰, ΰ ä ؼ ʿ Ҹ ä ع ִ ̴.
̾ , Ǹ Ұϰ ̿ عڷμ 亯 Ѵ.
å а ö äڰ Ǿ߰ڴٴ ϰ Ǿ ̾ Ǹ ̶ ؾ߰ڴ.
ص ʿ ִ .
̾ 忡 ؼ а ̾߱ϱ ϰ ΰ ϴٴ ̼ ñ ذشٴ ̴.
״ ƾ ý ߴ ڿ ̼ Ῡ ʷ ִ١ (335).
, ̸ ذ ְ, Ĺ ̴ Ϳ ̸ ʰ ȴٴ ̴. ε ڽ ڿ Ϻ̰ ̶ ¸ ߸Ρ ع ؼ ʴ´(342).
Ұϴ ̱Ժ ε » ĸ ⸦ ôߵ - - ȴ.
̾ ع ȣϴ 翬ϰ ʿϴٰ , ź ̳ ڸ ܵ ʴ´.
ߵ ְ, 뵵 ؼ Ȯ ִٰ ϴ е ü ϴ .
װ ϴ ع̶ ͵ ñδ Ƕ ̼ 깰 ؼ ƴ϶ б öź ΰ ߷ ڿ ϴ ൿ ( ε Ϻο ä ...) ؼ ̷ ִ ƴұ?
̼ Ǹ , ¾ƺ ¾ ǰ ۾ ū ¾ƿԴ 븸 ۾ ָ ̰ ֱ , ¾ƴ ȶŰ ۾ عϴ Ÿϰ ̴. ̷ Ǵ δ . ΰԴ غ ڸ ִٴ Ʋ ƴ ̴. |
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